Biomarker
Nama : Arya Wira Wardhana NPM : 21025010035 Class : A Biomarker Plants endure various unfavorable climatic conditions during their growth cycle. Such conditions consist of biotic stresses, including attack by herbivores and infection by pathogens, and abiotic stresses, including heat and cold, drought, nutrient scarcity, higher salt levels, and harmful metals and metalloids (arsenic, cadmium, and aluminum) in the soil. Temperature (heat or frost), drought and salt are the main and most commonly encountered climatic factors that reduce agricultural yields. These impacts are a dangerous sign for food security and also affect the geographical distribution of plants in nature. Climate change, i.e. long-term changes in weather patterns, is a significant source of abiotic stress. The plant's constitutive basal defense system is triggered upon introduction of stress. Several signaling pathways are activated differently depending on the type of stress. Typical defense pa...