ARYA WIRA WARDHANA

  SOMACLONAL VARIATION The accumulation of genetic variability is an important aspect in plant breeding. The increasing use of plant tissue (in vitro techniques) as an unconventional means of crop improvement has resulted in the introduction of genetic changes into such plants. These genetic alterations have been recovered in the plants regenerated from cell cultures, and could be used to develop new breeding lines. The occurrence of genetic variation among plants regenerated from in vitro culture has been referred to as somaclonal variation. Variations have been observed for morphological traits like pigment production, biochemical characters like nicotine synthesis and chromosome number and structure TYPES OF SOMACLONAL VARIATION Somaclonal variation results from both pre-existing genetic variation within the explants and the variation induced during the tissue culture phase .There are two types of somaclonal variation: heritable (genetic) and epigenetic. Heritable variatio...

  NAMA : ARYA WIRA WARDHANA NPM : 21025010035 KELAS : A MATKUL : SIG   DATABLADE SPASIAL ON SIG   Soal : 1.   Deskripsikan perbedaan antara vektor dan raster (maks 30 kata) 2.   Deskripsikan tentang Database dan SQL (maks 30 kata) 3.   Deskripsikan tentang analisis Batablade (maks. 30 kata)   Jawab : 1.      Data vektor adalah data yang berupa titik, garis dan area yang berbentuk bumi. Data raster adalah data spasial/keruangan permukaan bumi yang diperoleh dari citra perekaman foto/radar satelit. 2.     SQL adalah bahasa database. sekumpulan data yang dikelola berdasarkan ketentuan tertentu yang saling berkaitan sehingga memudahkan dalam pengelolaannya atau tabel yang terdiri dari baris dan kolom. 3.      Modul untuk server basis data IBM Informix yang memungkinkan untuk membuat tipe data yang kompleks dan khusus sekaligus memberikan tingkat integrasi yang sama dengan tipe ...

  NAMA : ARYA WIRA WARDHANA NPM : 21025010035 MATA KULIAH : SIG   SISTEM KOORDINAT   PERTANYAAN 1.      1.  Apa kegunaan dari Sistem Koordinat Geografis dalam SIG 2.    2.  Ubahlah dari satuan derajat menjadi satuan desimal a.                 7o30’15’’ S b.                112o45’10” T 3.    3.    Ubahlah dari satuan desimal menjadi satuan derajat                a.          8,555 U                b.          95,255 B   JAWABAN 1.   1.  Koordinat geografis merupakan system referensi primer untuk penenttuan lokasi di permukaan bumi, sistem koordinat geografis diguna...

  NAMA : ARYA WIRA WARDHANA NPM : 21025010035 KELAS : A025 MATA KULIAH : BIOTEKNOLOGI   Protoplast Fusion Enzymatic isolation is advantageous because protoplasts are gained at a high quantity, cells are not damaged and the osmotic conditions may be influenced. Enzymatic isolation may be carried out in two different procedures: two-step or one-step procedure. In the first step of the two-step procedure, individual cells are released with the help of commercial enzymatic preparations (e.g. macerozyme, macerase). The cells are released by degradation of the middle lamellas and the decay of tissue to individual cells. The free cells are then processed in the second step with the help of cellulases (cellulase Onozuka R-10, cellulysin) to protoplasts by dissolving the cell wall. The cells are exposed to the enzymes for a shorter time than at one-step isolation. One-step isolation is used more often, during which the mechanically loosened tissue (e.g. by cutting strips) is ...

  NAMA : ARYA WIRA WARDHANA NPM : 21025010035 KELAS : A025 MATA KULIAH : BIOTEKNOLOGI   SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is the process by which somatic cells, under conditions suitable for induction, generate embryogenic cells, which go through a series of morphological and biochemical changes that result in the production of a bipolar structure without vascular connection with the original tissue (Solis Ramos et al.  2012 ). SE with a low frequency of chimeras, a high number of regenerants, and a limited level of somaclonal  variation is more attractive than organogenesis as a plant regeneration system (e.g., in genetic transformation, in vitro mutagenesis, and selection). Somatic embryos are formed from plant cells that are not normally involved in the develop-ment of (zygotic) embryos, i.e., ordinary plant tissue. No endosperm or seed coat is formed around a somatic embryo. Applications of this process include clonal propagation of genet...

  NAMA : ARYA WIRA WARDHANA NPM : 21025010035 KELAS : A025 MATA KULIAH : SIG   SOAL: 1. Apa yang saudara ketahui tentang Pangakalan Data Pertanian (maksimal 30 kata) 2. Deskripsikan tentang Database dan SQL (maksimal 30 kata) 3. Deskripsikan entitas data primer untuk SIG bidang Pertanian Lahan Basah dan lahan Kering? (maksimal 30 kata) JAWABAN : 1.      Merupakan kumpulan file yang memiliki kaitan antara file satu dengan yang lain hingga membentuk satu bangunan data yang hasilnya akan menginformasikan suatu wilayah dan Batasan dalam bidang pertanian 2.      Database merupakan kumpulan data yang dikelola sedemikian rupa berdassar ketentuan tertentu yang saling berhubungan sehingga mudah mengelolanya, SQL sendiri merupakan suatu Bahasa query dasar dalam pengelolaan data base 3.      Entitas data primer SIG dapat memberikan informasi informasi yang dibutuhkan dalam bidang pertanian. Seperti inform...

 Arya Wira Wardhana / 21025010035 ORGANOGENESIS IN PLANTS Organogenesis is the process of forming cells, tissues or callus into buds and complete plants. Organogenesis is triggered by the presence of several components such as medium, endogenous components during explants in culture. Organogenesis can be grown from seeds, leaves or other plant parts so that it can develop into a perfect plant. Media is a determining factor in callus growth in tissue culture. Media contains nutrients that are usually needed by growing cells and are widely used, especially in the field of tissue culture. Media introduced by E. Vacin and F. Went since 1949 contains a number of inorganic nutrients, carbon sources, vitamins, growth regulators and organic supplements to meet the physiological needs of plant cells in tissue culture. Thus, in vitro propagation (micropropagation) is an alternative method that can be applied to obtain pathogen-free plants and allows it to be carried out on a large scale in a...